Dr: Mohamed Khadar

Hyperparathyroidism is an excess of parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream due to overactivity of one or more of the body's four parathyroid glands. These glands are about the size of a grain of rice and are located in your neck. Two types of hyperparathyroidism exist. In primary hyperparathyroidism, an enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes overproduction of the hormone, resulting in high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause a variety of health problems. Surgery is the most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of another disease that initially causes low levels of calcium in the body and over time, increased parathyroid hormone levels occur. Symptoms Hyperparathyroidism is often diagnosed before signs or symptoms of the disorder are apparent. When symptoms do occur, they're the result of damage or dysfunction in other organs or tissues due to high calciu...

Sudden cardiac arrest is the sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. Sudden cardiac arrest usually results from an electrical disturbance in your heart that disrupts its pumping action, stopping blood flow to the rest of your body. Sudden cardiac arrest is different from a heart attack, which occurs when blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked. However, a heart attack can sometimes trigger an electrical disturbance that leads to sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. If not treated immediately, it causes sudden cardiac death. With fast, appropriate medical care, survival is possible. Administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), treating with a defibrillator — or even just compressions to the chest — can improve the chances of survival until emergency personnel arrive. Symptoms Sudden cardiac arrest symptoms are immediate and drastic and include: Sudden collapse No pulse No breathing Loss of cons...

The 'Vulva' or the female external genital organs, are those genital organs that are present on the surface of the female body and can be easily examined. These are also known as the female sexual organs. The Vulva consists of the mons pubis, the labia majora, labia minor, clitoris, vestibule and glands like the Bartholin's glands, Skene's glands and the Vestibular Glands. The perinuem - the area between the vulva and the anus - is also considered to be a part of the female external genital organs. The other female genital organs are the   internal genital organs   consisting of the vagina, uterus, the two fallopian tubes and the two ovaries. Ligaments like the broad ligaments are also included among the female internal genital organs. The   breasts , are considered to be the accessssory organs of reproduction. From front to back, the part of the vulva which is easily visible is the mons pubis which extend downwards into the two labia majora. The ot...

Preterm labor occurs when regular contractions result in the opening of your cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy. Preterm labor can result in premature birth. The earlier premature birth happens, the greater the health risks for your baby. Many premature babies (preemies) need special care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Preemies can also have long-term mental and physical disabilities. Symptoms Signs and symptoms of preterm labor include: Regular or frequent sensations of abdominal tightening (contractions) Constant low, dull backache A sensation of pelvic or lower abdominal pressure Mild abdominal cramps Vaginal spotting or light bleeding Preterm rupture of membranes — in a gush or a continuous trickle of fluid after the membrane around the baby breaks or tears A change in type of vaginal discharge — watery, mucus-like or bloody Risk factors Preterm labor can affect any pregnancy. Many factors have been associated with an increased risk...

Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely getting sick or by self-injury. Factitious disorder also can happen when family members or caregivers falsely present others, such as children, as being ill, injured or impaired. Symptoms Factitious disorder symptoms involve mimicking or producing illness or injury or exaggerating symptoms or impairment to deceive others. People with the disorder go to great lengths to hide their deception, so it may be difficult to realize that their symptoms are actually part of a serious mental health disorder. They continue with the deception, even without receiving any visible benefit or reward or when faced with objective evidence that doesn't support their claims. Factitious disorder signs and symptoms may include: Clever and convincing medical or psychological problems Extensive knowledge of medical terms and diseases Vague or inconsistent symptoms Conditions that g...

Peripheral artery disease (also called peripheral arterial disease) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs. When you develop peripheral artery disease (PAD), your extremities — usually your legs — don't receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand. This causes symptoms, most notably leg pain when walking (claudication). Peripheral artery disease symptoms include: Painful cramping in your hip, thigh or calf muscles after certain activities, such as walking or climbing stairs (claudication) Leg numbness or weakness Coldness in your lower leg or foot, especially when compared with the other side Sores on your toes, feet or legs that won't heal A change in the color of your legs Hair loss or slower hair growth on your feet and legs Slower growth of your toenails Shiny skin on your legs No pulse or a weak pulse in your legs or feet Erectile dysfunction in men Risk factors Factors that increase your ri...