Dr: Mohamed Khadar

Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff — sometimes restricting blood flow to your organs and tissues. Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic, but over time, the walls in your arteries can harden, a condition commonly called hardening of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis, but the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Atherosclerosis refers to the build-up of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque), which can restrict blood flow. The plaque can burst, triggering a blood clot. Although atherosclerosis is often considered a heart problem, it can affect arteries anywhere in your body. Atherosclerosis may be preventable and is treatable. Causes Atherosclerosis is a slow, progressive disease that may begin as early as childhood. Although the exact cause is unknown, atherosclerosis ma...

Seizures and Epilepsy in Children Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes a child to have seizures. It is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system. It affects children and adults of all races and ethnic backgrounds. The brain consists of nerve cells that communicate with each other through electrical activity. A seizure occurs when one or more parts of the brain has a burst of abnormal electrical signals that interrupt normal brain signals. Anything that interrupts the normal connections between nerve cells in the brain can cause a seizure. This includes a high fever, high or low blood sugar, alcohol or drug withdrawal, or a brain concussion. But when a child has 2 or more seizures with no known cause, this is diagnosed as epilepsy. There are different types of seizures. The type of seizure depends on which part and how much of the brain is affected and what happens during the seizure. The 2 main categories of epileptic seizures are focal (partial) seizure and general...

Sheehans's Syndrome Sheehan's Syndrome, also known as Postpartum Hypopituitarism or Postpartum Pituitary Necrosis, is a condition in which hypopituitarism develops after severe bleeding ('Postpartum hemorrhage') during or immediately after childbirth . The incidence of Sheehan's syndrome has decreased with better health care during childbirth and delivery but is still about 0.5% of all cases of hypopituitarism in women. Blood loss generally has to be more than 800ml for Sheehan's Syndrome to develop. But in certain women, even minimal bleeding seems to cause this condition. Cause of Sheehan's Syndrome Sheehan's syndrome occurs due to necrosis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. This part of the gland secretes important hormones like the ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, growth hormones, endorphins and prolactin. During normal pregnancy, the anterior pituitary lobe increases greatly in size since it is required to secrete larger amounts of these hormones,...

Antisocial personality disorder, sometimes called sociopathy, is a mental disorder in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly or with callous indifference. They show no guilt or remorse for their behavior. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder often violate the law, becoming criminals. They may lie, behave violently or impulsively, and have problems with drug and alcohol use. Because of these characteristics, people with this disorder typically can't fulfill responsibilities related to family, work or school. Symptoms • Disregard for right and wrong • Persistent lying or deceit to exploit others • Being callous, cynical and disrespectful of others • Using charm or wit to manipulate others for personal gain or personal pleasure • Arrogance, a sense of superiority and being extremely opinionated • Rec...

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER Esophageal Cancer is a serious form of cancer that develops in the esophagus, the long tube that connects the back of your mouth with your stomach. The most common types of esophageal cancer are adenocarcinoma, which starts in the glandular cells producing fluids such as mucus, and squamous cell carcinoma, which starts in flat cells of the esophageal lining. Although the causes of esophageal cancer aren’t known, chronic irritation from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus, smoking, obesity, and heavy alcohol use are leading risk factors for the disease. SYMPTOMS: • Difficulty in Swallowing • Unintentional Weight Loss • Chest Pain • Heart Burn • Indigestion • Coughing • Hoarse Voice DIAGNOSIS: • Endoscopy – During endoscopy, your doctor passes a flexible tube equipped with a video lens (videoendoscope) down your throat and into your esophagus. Using the endoscope, your doctor examines your esophagus, looking for cancer or areas of irritation. Sam...

Nephrolithiasis • Calcium oxalate (and to some degree calcium phosphate) stones account for 80% of all kidney stones • Remaining stones are uric acid (10%), struvite (10-15%) and cystine (1%) stones • It is possible for patient to have multiple stones and for them to be more than one type of stone Risk Factors • Crystallization occurs when otherwise soluble solutes precipitate due to supersaturation or changes in urinary pH, protein content, or due to reaction with other solutes • Crystals cause epithelial injury, deposition of stone formation, bleeding, obstruction, and pain • Frequently identified risk factors include hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, decreased calcium intake, increased oxalate intake, increased animal protein intake, and decreased hydration • There is more than 2-fold increase in risk of kidney stones with positive family hx of kidney stones • Patients with history of kidney stones have a 10-30% 3-5 year recurrence rate • 25% of people with gout will ge...

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). In 2019, a new virus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a disease outbreak in China. The disease is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There isn't much known about this new virus yet. Public health groups, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are monitoring the situation and posting updates on their websites. These groups have also issued recommendations for preventing and treating the illness. Coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Symptoms Signs and symptoms of infection with the new coronavirus may appear two to...