Dr: Mohamed Khadar

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). In 2019, a new virus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a disease outbreak in China. The disease is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There isn't much known about this new virus yet. Public health groups, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are monitoring the situation and posting updates on their websites. These groups have also issued recommendations for preventing and treating the illness. Coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Symptoms Signs and symptoms of infection with the new coronavirus may appear two to...

Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot is a type of congenital heart defect. Congenital means that it is present at birth. Causes Tetralogy of Fallot causes low oxygen levels in the blood. This leads to cyanosis (a bluish-purple color to the skin). The classic form includes four defects of the heart and its major blood vessels: [ ] Ventricular septal defect (hole between the right and left ventricles) [ ] Narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract (the valve and artery that connect the heart with the lungs) [ ] Overriding aorta (the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the body) that is shifted over the right ventricle and ventricular septal defect, instead of coming out only from the left ventricle [ ] Thickened wall of the right ventricle (right ventricular hypertrophy) Tetralogy of Fallot is rare, but it is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. It occurs equally as often in...

The flu’s common symptoms of fever, body aches, and fatigue can leave many confined to bed until they get better. Flu symptoms will show up anywhere from one to four daysTrusted Source after infection. Common flu symptoms The most common symptoms of the flu are: fever over 100.4˚F (38˚C) chills fatigue body and muscle aches loss of appetite headache dry cough sore throat runny or stuffy nose While most symptoms will taper off one to two weeks after onset, a dry cough and general fatigue can last several more weeks. Other possible symptoms of the flu include dizziness, sneezing, and wheezing. Nausea and vomiting are not common symptoms in adults, but they sometimes occur in children. Stomach flu An illness commonly known as the “stomach flu” refers to viral gastroenteritis (GE), which involves inflammation of the stomach lining. However, stomach flu...

Sensory Integration •      Survival depends upon sensation and perception •      Sensation is the awareness of changes in the internal and external environment •      Perception is the conscious interpretation of those stimuli Organization of the Somatosensory System •      Input comes from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors •      The three main levels of neural integration in the somatosensory system are: •    Receptor level – the sensor receptors •    Circuit level – ascending pathways •    Perceptual level – neuronal circuits in the cerebral cortex Processing at the Receptor Level •      Receptor potential – a graded potential from a stimulated sensor...

Joints (Articulations) •      Weakest parts of the skeleton •      Articulation – site where two or more bones meet •      Functions •    Give the skeleton mobility •    Hold the skeleton together Classification of Joints: Structural •      Structural classification focuses on the material binding bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present •      The three structural classifications are: •    Fibrous •    Cartilaginous •    Synovial Classification of Joints: Functional •      Functional classification is based on the amount of movement allowed by the joint •     ...

Endocrine System: Overview •      Endocrine system –  the body’s second great controlling system which influences metabolic activities of cells by means of hormones •      Endocrine glands – pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus glands •      The pancreas and gonads produce both hormones and exocrine products •      The hypothalamus has both neural functions and releases hormones •      Other tissues and organs that produce hormones – adipose cells, pockets of cells in the walls of the small intestine, stomach, kidneys, and heart Hormones •      Hormones – chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids •    Regulate the metabolic function of other cells •  ...

Tissues/Histolgy Tissues •      Groups of cells similar in structure and function •      The four types of tissues •    Epithelial •    Connective •    Muscle •    Nerve Epithelial Tissue •      Cellularity – composed almost entirely of cells •      Special contacts – form continuous sheets held together by tight junctions and desmosomes •      Polarity – apical and basal surfaces •      Supported by connective tissue – reticular and basal laminae •      Avascular but innervated – contains no blood vessels but supplied by nerve fibers •      Regenerative – rapidly repla...